07-02-2025, 01:18 PM
Below are the detailed answers to all questions and activities provided in the chapter "Invasion and Resistance," designed to help students prepare for examinations. The responses are structured, concise, and cover factual, conceptual, and application-level aspects as presented in the chapter. These answers address all questions and activities in the chapter, providing detailed and structured responses suitable for examination preparation.
Answer: The British economic policies severely impacted Indian farmers and artisans, leading to widespread hardship. The Permanent Land Revenue Settlement (1793) in Bengal forced zamindars to collect high taxes, which farmers had to pay regardless of crop yields. The Ryotwari System (1820)
in South India and Deccan made peasants pay taxes directly to the British, with land seizure as a penalty for non-payment. The Mahalwari System (1822) in North India treated villages as tax units, annexing defaulting villages. High tax rates, with no relief during droughts or floods, pushed farmers
into debt, forcing them to borrow from moneylenders. Many lost their lands, and the British emphasis on cash crops like indigo and cotton reduced food crop production, causing shortages.
Artisans faced similar challenges. The influx of machine-made British goods, such as cotton and silk clothes, outcompeted Indian handicrafts like pottery, leather, and edible oil. This led to the collapse of local markets, leaving artisans jobless and forcing many to abandon traditional crafts. The
commercialization of agriculture and competition from imports enriched moneylenders and British traders while impoverishing farmers and artisans, sparking resistance movements like the Neelam Peasant Revolt.
Answer: The novel Anandamath by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee vividly describes the plight of Bengal’s people during the 1773 famine. Sudden cessation of rains caused crop failures, but the British continued to collect taxes relentlessly. People sold their cattle, agricultural tools, seeds, jewelry, and even house doors to survive. They resorted to eating grass, leaves, tubers, and animals like rats and dogs. Diseases such as fever, plague, and smallpox spread rapidly, with no one to care for the sick or bury the dead, leaving bodies to rot. The circumstances included exploitative British tax policies, particularly the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement, which demanded fixed taxes regardless of crop yields. The lack of famine relief and forced cash crop cultivation worsened food
shortages, pushing people into desperation and fueling resistance like the Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion.
For 8th std Social Science Chapter 1 Invasion and Resistance Textbook Activities click on the link below
Kerala 8th std Social Science Ch 1 Invasion and Resistance Textbook question and answers.pdf (Size: 424.98 KB / Downloads: 6)
- Discuss and prepare a note on how the economic policies of the British affected the farmers and artisans.
Answer: The British economic policies severely impacted Indian farmers and artisans, leading to widespread hardship. The Permanent Land Revenue Settlement (1793) in Bengal forced zamindars to collect high taxes, which farmers had to pay regardless of crop yields. The Ryotwari System (1820)
in South India and Deccan made peasants pay taxes directly to the British, with land seizure as a penalty for non-payment. The Mahalwari System (1822) in North India treated villages as tax units, annexing defaulting villages. High tax rates, with no relief during droughts or floods, pushed farmers
into debt, forcing them to borrow from moneylenders. Many lost their lands, and the British emphasis on cash crops like indigo and cotton reduced food crop production, causing shortages.
Artisans faced similar challenges. The influx of machine-made British goods, such as cotton and silk clothes, outcompeted Indian handicrafts like pottery, leather, and edible oil. This led to the collapse of local markets, leaving artisans jobless and forcing many to abandon traditional crafts. The
commercialization of agriculture and competition from imports enriched moneylenders and British traders while impoverishing farmers and artisans, sparking resistance movements like the Neelam Peasant Revolt.
- Discuss the plight of the people of Bengal at that time from the novel Anandamath and the circumstances that led to it.
Answer: The novel Anandamath by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee vividly describes the plight of Bengal’s people during the 1773 famine. Sudden cessation of rains caused crop failures, but the British continued to collect taxes relentlessly. People sold their cattle, agricultural tools, seeds, jewelry, and even house doors to survive. They resorted to eating grass, leaves, tubers, and animals like rats and dogs. Diseases such as fever, plague, and smallpox spread rapidly, with no one to care for the sick or bury the dead, leaving bodies to rot. The circumstances included exploitative British tax policies, particularly the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement, which demanded fixed taxes regardless of crop yields. The lack of famine relief and forced cash crop cultivation worsened food
shortages, pushing people into desperation and fueling resistance like the Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion.
For 8th std Social Science Chapter 1 Invasion and Resistance Textbook Activities click on the link below
Kerala 8th std Social Science Ch 1 Invasion and Resistance Textbook question and answers.pdf (Size: 424.98 KB / Downloads: 6)